分类： 1. 全栈开发

http://ryanbigg.com/2010/12/ubuntu-ruby-rvm-rails-and-you/
http://www.iloopai.com/blogs/11
http://ivanbernat.com/guides/install-rails-3-with-sqlite3-mysql-ubuntu-10/

25 Dec 2010

This beginner’s guide will set up with Ruby 1.9.2, RVM
and Rails 3.0.7 and is specifically written for a
development environment on Ubuntu 10.10, but will probably
work on many other operating systems, including older versions of
Ubuntu and Debian. YMMV.

If you’re looking for a way to set this up on a
production server then I would recommend the use of the railsready script
which installs all the necessary packages for Ruby 1.9.2p136 and
then that version of Ruby itself, Bundler and Rails. Then it leaves
it up to you to install Apache or nginx to get your application
online.

If you’re not using Ubuntu then try
Wayne E. Seguin’s rails_bootstrap_script which probably gets a
version of Rails working for you, albeit with 1.8.7 rather than
1.9.2.

Under no circumstance should you install Ruby, Rubygems or any
Ruby-related packages from apt-get. This system is out-dated and
leads to major headaches. Avoid it for Ruby-related packages. We do
Ruby, we know what’s best. Trust us.

Still not convinced? Read this.

This guide will go through installing the RVM (Ruby Version Manager),
then a version of Ruby (1.9.2), then Rails and finally Bundler.

By the end of this guide, you will have these things installed
and have some very, very easy ways to manage gem dependencies for
your different applications / libraries, as well as having multiple
Ruby versions installed and usable all at once.

We assume you have sudo access to your machine, and
that you have an understanding of the basic concepts of Ruby, such
as “What is Rubygems?” and more importantly “How do I turn this
computer-thing on?”. This knowledge can be garnered by reading the
first chapter of any Ruby
book.

Housekeeping

First of all, we’re going to run sudo apt-get
update so that we have the latest sources on our box so that
we don’t run into any package-related issues, such as not being
able to install some packages.

Next, we’re going to install Git
(a version control system) and curl which are both
required to install and use RVM, and build-essential
which is required to compile Ruby versions, amongst other
compilable things. To install these three packages we use this
command:

sudo apt-get install build-essential git-core curl

RVM

RVM is a Ruby Version
Manager created by Wayne E. Seguin and is extremely helpful for
installing and managing many different versions of Ruby all at
once. Sometimes you could be working on a project that requires an
older (1.8.7) version of Ruby but also need a new version (1.9.2)
for one of your newer projects. This is a problem that RVM solves
beautifully.

Another situation could be that you want to have different sets
of gems on the same version of Ruby but don’t want to have to do
deal with Gem Conflict Hell. RVM has gemsets for
this. This is a feature you wouldn’t have if you used the
packaged Ruby.

We’re going to use it to install only one version of Ruby, but
we can consult the
documentation if we want to install a different version of
Ruby.

With git-core and curl installed we’ll
be able to install RVM with this command:

bash < <(curl -s https://rvm.beginrescueend.com/install/rvm)

The beautiful part of this is that it installs Ruby to our home
directory, providing a sandboxed environment just for us.

Once that’s done, we’re going to need to add a line to
~/.bashrc file (the file responsible for setting up
our bash session) which will load RVM:

echo '[[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm"' >> ~/.bashrc 

Then we’ll need to reload the ~/.bashrc file which
we can do with this small command:

. ~/.bashrc

The next command we run will tell us what other packages we need
to install for Ruby to work:

rvm notes
...
# For Ruby (MRI & ree)  you should install the following OS dependencies:
ruby: aptitude install build-essential bison openssl libreadline6 libreadline6-dev
curl git-core zlib1g zlib1g-dev libssl-dev libyaml-dev libsqlite3-0
libsqlite3-dev sqlite3 libxml2-dev libxslt-dev autoconf

A couple of these packages we’ve already installed, such as
git-core and curl. They won’t be
re-installed again.

These packages will lessen the pain when we’re working with
Ruby. For example, the libssl-dev package will make
OpenSSL support in Ruby work, libsqlite3-0 and
libsqlite3-dev are required for the
sqlite3-ruby gem and the libxml2-dev and
libxslt-dev packages are required for the
nokogiri gem. Let’s install all these packages now
using this command:

sudo aptitude install build-essential bison openssl libreadline6 libreadline6-dev curl git-core zlib1g
zlib1g-dev libssl-dev libyaml-dev libsqlite3-0 libsqlite3-dev sqlite3 libxml2-dev libxslt-dev autoconf

This command *must* be written on a single line, otherwise
some of the packages will not install.

Now our Ruby lives will be as painless as possible.

Ruby

With RVM and these packages we can install Ruby 1.9.2:

rvm install 1.9.2

This command will take a couple of minutes, so grab your
$DRINKOFCHOICE and go outside or something. Once it’s done, we’ll
have Ruby 1.9.2 installed. To begin using it we can use this lovely
command:

rvm use 1.9.2

Are we using 1.9.2? You betcha:

ruby -v
ruby 1.9.2p136 (2010-12-25 revision 30365) [x86_64-linux]

Or, even better, would be to make this the default for
our user! Oooh, yes!

rvm --default use 1.9.2

Now whenever we open a new bash session for this user we’ll have
Ruby available for us to use! Yay!

Rails

Now that RVM and a version of Ruby is installed, we can install
Rails. Because RVM is installed to our home directory, we don’t
need to use that nasty sudo to install things; we’ve
got write-access! To install the Rails gem we’ll run this
command:

gem install rails

This will install the rails gem and the other 22
gems that it and its dependencies depend on, including Bundler.

MySQL

If you’re planning on using the mysql2 gem for your
application then you’ll want to install the
libmysqlclient16-dev package before you do that.
Without it, you’ll get an error when the gem tries to compile its
native extensions:

Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing mysql2:
        ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

/home/ryan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/bin/ruby extconf.rb
checking for rb_thread_blocking_region()... yes
checking for mysql_query() in -lmysqlclient... no
checking for main() in -lm... yes
checking for mysql_query() in -lmysqlclient... no
checking for main() in -lz... yes
checking for mysql_query() in -lmysqlclient... no
checking for main() in -lsocket... no
checking for mysql_query() in -lmysqlclient... no
checking for main() in -lnsl... yes
checking for mysql_query() in -lmysqlclient... no
checking for main() in -lmygcc... no
checking for mysql_query() in -lmysqlclient... no
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of
necessary libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more
details.  You may need configuration options.

PostgreSQL

Similar to the mysql2 gem’s error above, you’ll
also get an error with the pg gem if you don’t have
the libpq-dev package installed you’ll get this
error:

    Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing pg:
        ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

/home/ryan/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p136/bin/ruby extconf.rb
checking for pg_config... no
checking for libpq-fe.h... no
Can't find the 'libpq-fe.h header
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of
necessary libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more
details.  You may need configuration options.

Fin.

And that’s it! Now you’ve got a Ruby environment you can use to
write your (first?) Rails application in with such minimal effort.
A good read after this would be the official guides for Ruby on
Rails. Or perhaps the documentation on the RVM site which goes into using
things such as gemsets and the
exceptionally helpful per-project
.rvmrc file. A quick way to generate an .rvmrc
file is to run a command like this inside the project

rvm use 1.9.2@rails3 --rvmrc

RVM is such a powerful tool and comes in handy for day-to-day
Ruby development. Use it, and not the packages from apt to live a
life of development luxury.

Credits

Thanks to krainboltgreene for
pointing out that the guide needed to install the packages
specified by rvm notes. He’s got a similar write up here for Ubuntu
10.04. Some of the instructions in this guide were “inspired”
by that post.

1、先安装gcc,mysql和一些库

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
date

sudo apt-get install gcc
sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install git-core
sudo apt-get install libcurl4-openssl-dev libssl-dev zlib1g-dev libreadline5-dev

sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client
 

2、编译ruby1.9.2 ：

先下载源代码：http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/downloads/

tar vfxz ruby-1.9.2-p180.tar.gz  
cd ruby-1.9.2-p180
sudo ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/ruby-1.9.2

sudo make
sudo make install  

#添加路径
sudo gedit /etc/profile
#加入如下内容并且保存，注销就可以了
if [ -d "/usr/local/ruby-1.9.2/bin" ] ; then  
    export PATH=/usr/local/ruby-1.9.2/bin:$PATH
fi 

#查看安装到ruby版本
#sudo用到环境变量没搞清楚...加个-i就行了
sudo -i ruby -v

#安装rails,这儿也用-i
sudo -i gem install rails -y

设置MQSQL的UTF-8编码方式:

$sudo gedit /etc/mysql/my.cnf  #编辑添加如下内容
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8 
[mysqld]
default-character-set = utf8 
init_connect = 'SET NAMES utf8' 

[client]
default-character-set = utf8

sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart  #运行
sudo netstat -tap | grep mysql  #检查

#检查MYSQL查看编码,用MYSQL命令: 
show variables like'character%';  
#或者：mysql -u root -p
Enter password: ******
> \s # 查看是否配置成功
Client characterset:    utf8
Server characterset:    utf8
>quit

#Install nginx+passenger

sudo -i gem install passenger
sudo -i passenger-install-nginx-module

用rails new 新建 app

rails new blog -d mysql

现在3.0.7版本的mysql2不能用最新版，需要添加个限制

cd blog
gedit Gemfile

把gem ‘mysql2’改成： gem ‘mysql2′,'<0.3’
然后运行：bundle，如果提示下面到错误就是少了些运行库了：Could not create Makefile due to
some reason, probably lack of necessary libraries and/or
headers.
安装库：

sudo apt-get install libmysql-ruby libmysqlclient-dev 

在运行bundle就能正确安装mysql2了
执行：rake db:create还是出错…这个是rake
0.9版本到问题，这个有人给出了方法：打开刚才新建的app根目录下的Rake文件，在里面添加：

#注意把Blog改成你自己到模块名
module ::Blog
  class Application
    include Rake::DSL
  end
end

module ::RakeFileUtils
  extend Rake::FileUtilsExt
end
#这个是原来rake文件到最后一行，不是添加的，注意这个“Blog”就是你的模块名字
Blog::Application.load_tasks

第二种方法就是卸载0.9版本的rake了：

sudo -i gem uninstall rake -v 0.9
sudo -i gem uninstall rake -v 0.8.7
sudo -i gem install rake -v 0.8.7
 

我的系统里有rake 0.9和rake 0.8.7，把rake
0.9卸载了就找不到rake也许要加个链接到ruby/bin目录，我偷懒直接把2个都卸掉然后再安装0.8.7

这个就是安装mysql2过程中出现的问题：http://blog.csdn.net/linhx/archive/2011/03/29/6286899.aspx

配置ngnix:/opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;
        root /home/xxx/rails_app/blog/public;  #xxx这个就是你刚才新建的app的public目录到完整路径
        passenger_enabled on;  
        rails_env development;     #设置为开发环境，默认是生产环境
        #charset koi8-r;
        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
        #location / {
        #    root   /home/leslin123/rorails/helloMySQL/public;
        #    index  index.html index.htm;
        #} 

配置Nginx为启动项：

sudo apt-get install curl#在终端里输入curl，如果提示未安装就用这个命令安装，如果已经存在就跳过
curl -L http://bit.ly/nginx-ubuntu-init-file > nginx
sudo mv nginx /etc/init.d/
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx 
sudo /usr/sbin/update-rc.d -f nginx defaults
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start 

在浏览器里输入：127.0.0.1，看到Welcome to nginx!就是安装成功了，如果已经设置了rails
app的目录应该是rails程序到欢迎界面了
每次修改了nginx配置后需要重启生效：

sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart 

注：如果提示：Access denied for user ‘root’@’localhost’ (using
password: NO)重启下nginx试试

用到的链接：rvm安装方式，只采用了前面：http://www.yangzhiping.com/tech/ubuntu-ree-nginx-passenger-rails3.blog.html

编译ruby1.9.2以及配置：
http://hi.baidu.com/rikioy/blog/item/57fdfe38b87ce3ccd462256a.html

解决mysql2版本不相容的问题：http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5840742/version-
of-mysql2-0-3-2-doesnt-ship-with-the-activerecord-adapter-bundled-anym

执行rake出错解决方法：http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5287121/undefined-method-task-using-rake-0-9-0-beta-4

安装mysql2不成功：http://blog.csdn.net/linhx/archive/2011/03/29/6286899.aspx

http://www.36kr.com/p/45332.html

人不可貌相，SEO工具也不例外。

SEO专业网站SEOmoz总结了十个SEO工具，这些工具看上去其貌不扬，甚至有些丑陋，但功能却非常强大、实用。

下面我们就来看看这十大难看却好用的SEO工具：

1. Shared Count

给力之处：Tom
Critchlow开发的Shared
Count不仅可以跟踪Twitter、Facebook、LinkedIn、Google+等社交网络上的社交分享统计数据， 而且还提供一个开放API，也就是说你也可以通过它开发自己的工具。

难看之处：该网站几乎没有任何设计可言。

2. IETester

给力之处：在检测浏览器兼容性的时候，IE总会让你忙个不停。IETester是一个免费的、可下载的浏览器，可以让你渲染不同版本的IE浏览器，放在同一个窗口中进行对比，然后检查错误。此外还支持调试模式。

难看之处： 什么东西到了IE6下都很难看，IE6本身也不例外。

3. Blogscape

给力之处：Blogscape允许你按天监测任何关键词、品牌或链接的热门程度。你只需输入一个关短语或网址链接，然后就可以看到大量提到这些内容的列表。如果你懂高级检索操作符的话，你还可以跟踪仅含有某个特定域名的文章，是发现新链接的利器。

难看之处：
这是一个收费工具，如果你不是付费会员，登录页面更加难看。

4. URI Valet

给力之处：URI
Valet通过10个工具完成技术检查、网址点评等工作。你可以查看任何网页的服务器header，文本、HTML比率、下载速度等信息，并且可以进行W3C验证。

难看之处：谁说你需要一名图形设计师才能做出一个网页工具呢？

5-6. Robots.txt 检查器

http://tool.motoricerca.info/robots-checker.phtml
http://www.frobee.com/robots-txt-check

给力之处：两者实力相当，都可以发现robots.txt文件中的问题，并且还能发现不可见的错误。他们甚至还可以对文件中的隐藏代码作出解释，这些文件可以对搜索引擎爬虫产生影响。

难看之处：robots.txt文件是很枯燥，但这并不意味着你的界面也要这么粗糙。

7. Wayback Machine

给力之处：Wayback
Machine有一个巨大的网页存档，你可以查到15年前的页面。如果你想研究消失的链接或者跟踪网站修改对网站流量的影响，Wayback
machine可以让你回到从前。

难看之处：能看看你喜欢的网站在1996年的样子是件挺酷的事，但你必要一直保留1996年的那个logo吧，而且一直在测试期，搞毛啊？

8. SEO Browser

给力之处：从网页标签开始，一眼洞穿网页的SEO结构。该网页有robots.txt文件吗？安装了分析工具了吗？SEO
Browser可以通过一个页面让你一目了然。

难看之处：该网站的标语是：用搜索引擎的眼光查看你的网站。不幸的是大部分搜索引擎看上去都很漂亮。

9. Rank Checker（排名查看器）

给力之处：Rank
Checker由SEObook出品的一个火狐插件，可以让你随时检测网站关键词的排名。

难看之处：并不难看，但速度太快。

10. Xenu’s Link Sleuth（链接侦探）

给力之处：很多人认为Xenu’s Link
Sleuth是一个运行在桌面电脑上的链接检查器，可以帮你发现网站中的死链，但其极简的界面和通俗易懂的报告使其成为一个网站审计的得力工具。

难看之处：在Google上搜索Xenu，你的第一反应是后退，检查搜索结果。有可能是SEO工具中有史以来最难看的登陆页面，好像是回到了1992年。但请放心，这个网站没问题，只是有外星人而已。

除非注明，本站文章均为原创或编译，转载请注明： 文章来自36氪